A Real Life Episode Professor Ramos Blog

A Real Life Episode As I read Womans Hollering Creek, a short story written by author Sandra Cisneros, I recognized a common issue between the main character Cleofilas and her newly wed Juan Pedro. This issue, is domestic abuse, and is one of the more trending problems in our world today. It is defined as behaviors that harm, preventing a partner from doing what they wish, or forcing them to behave in ways they do not want. Just recently according to CNN, NFL Star Kareem Hunt was seen punching and hitting a woman in the elevator. There was no indication on why, but this would certainly have an impact on Kareem’s future. His team, the Kansas City Chiefs had waived him and NFL had suspended him for 8 games for the 19-20 season. It’s clear and obvious that with domestic abuse comes many consequences. Furthermore, after having the idea of domestic violence, we will put our focus back to the short story â€Å"Woman’s Hollering Creek.† It begins with the marriage of the main character Cleofilas and her love Juan Pedro. As Cleofilas is getting married, her father tells her, â€Å"I am your father, I will never abandon you†,(Cisneros 43), which will make sense later in her life. Growing up, Cleofilas was not familiar with entertainment or anything exciting. This would make Cleofilas very curious and eager to learn about how to be a mother. The issue arises, when her husband Juan would constantly beat her and take advantage of her. Cleofilas didn’t act, because she thought there was nothing she could do. In order to gain some awareness, she decided to start watching television shows. In one television show, â€Å"Tu O Nadie, â€Å"You or No One,† explains about how a wife, Lucia Mendez, has to put up with always loving her husband. As stated, † The beautiful Lucia Mendez has to put up with all kinds of hardships of the heart, separation and betrayal, and loving, always loving no matter what, because that is the most important thing.†(Cisneros 44). This would strike Cleofilas because Juan shows no interest, yet she still has to put up with his beatings but still loves him. This made Cleofilas realize that these shows were very accurate, and that her life should be identical to these television shows. So, Cleofilas would watch these shows every night, hoping to gain a better perspective. On to a point where these episodes, would start changing her life. Now when Juan would come home drunk and beat her, she would understand that she needed to act. Cleofilas began to think, how do I continue to live with this man? This man, as stated, â€Å"he hates this shitty house and is going out where he won’t be bothered with the baby’s howling. (Cisneros 49). It was now time for her to act, similar to the television episodes that she had watched, where, she the woman, was in charge of her own life and decisions. So, Cleofilas decided to take her Juan Pedrito and move away from Juan. She was tired of constantly being used and beaten for Juan’s advantage. As Cleofilas is leaving she remembers her father’s line, â€Å"I am your father, I will never abandon you.† It makes sense to her now as a father may not abandon his kid, but a kid and mother certainly can. Thus brings us to the argument whether or not Cleofilas should have left Juan. I think that leaving Juan, was the right thing to do for Cleofilas. It’s very difficult for a mother to raise a kid without any assistance. Juan repeatedly showed that he is self-centered and does not care about Cleofilas or her personal likes. As stated, â€Å"In public, he laughs loudly, curses like a man, and demands each course of dinner to be served on a separate plate like at his mother’s as soon as he gets home, on time or late, and who doesn’t care at all about Cleofilas love for music, telenovelas, or romance.† (Cisneros 48). Also, Cleofilas has to put up with constant beatings from Juan, for no particular reason. As stated, â€Å"He had thrown a book. Hers. From across the room. A hot welt across the cheek.† (Cisneros 52). Why would someone even want to raise a kid around a person like Juan? For Cleofilas, she stuck with him for a long time because she did not understand what to do. Once she watched television shows she gained knowledge and realized what kind of person he truly was and decided it was best for her to take the Juan Pedrito and go somewhere better. Another important factor of this domestic abuse situation is the fact that Cleofilas child, Juan Pedrito was also a witness. According to an article from Womens Health, children who experience domestic violence, are also victims of abuse. They can have long-term physical and mental health problems. Also, these children are at a greater risk of showing violence in their future relationships. At a young age, Juan Pedrito was experiencing his father cursing and using violence against Cleofilas. This explains why there are many kids who are struggling in our world. As a parent, it’s our duty to be a role model for our kids. We need to set the path and not let our anger get in the way of their future. Domestic abuse is something that will never be tolerated in our society. For Cleofilas, she made the correct decision to move away from Juan Pedro. Juan clearly showed that he enjoys taking advantage of Cleofilas, and does not care about her life. In our society today, domestic violence is something that affects many relationships. Many marriages also end up in divorces, which can have a negative effect. This effect can be that these kids will have to grow up not seeing their father or mother. Our society needs to realize that love is something very powerful, and comes with many responsibilities. There are many ways to confront your partner, without using physical action.   WORKS CITED Cisneros, Sandra. Woman Hollering Creek. Bloomsbury, 2004. CNN. NFL suspends Kareem Hunt https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2019/03/16/nfl-suspends-kareem-hunt-wire-ndwknd-bts-vpx.cnn Office On Womens Health. Effects of domestic violence on children. https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/effects-domestic-violence-children

The windeby girls Essays

The windeby girls Essays The windeby girls Paper The windeby girls Paper Essay Topic: Seamus Heaney Poems Seamus Heaney was a great poet who was influenced by his surroundings and the mystic secrets of the landscape. He was taken in by the idea of the beautiful peatlands that could preserve almost any object or person it swallowed. Over the years the peatlands has been used for a variety of things. In this essay I will explore the links between Seamus Heaney and how he relates through his two poems Bog Queen and Punishment the historical links from the bog bodies era to today. As I previously mentioned the peatlands was used for a variety of things, these things consisted of the construction of building materials, filters, fuel, and peat moss. Not only did the peatlands provide hard materials but also it was a habitat for many mammals, birds and it even provided a reasonable home for plants to grow such as wild berries. During the iron ages these natural organisms provided a way of life to the people who lived off the peatlands. Not only does Seamus Heaney link the historical features in his poems but we can also see these features for ourselves when things such as, when the stone age people brought over animals for grazing because the land was rich in minerals and nutrients, this is still done in Irelands society today. Many people believed that the peatlands was much like a history book as it is renowned for preserving the organic and in organic remains of settlements such as, tombs, farms, track ways, implements, and bog bodies. The bog bodies were people who either was buried, killed, or committed suicide and was then swallowed by the land of the peat. The peatlands is such a brilliant preserver of skeleton, skin, hair, internal organs and clothing, when it comes to finding out about the bog bodies scientists can analyse in much detail the bodys stomach contents, the bodys diseases, the date of death and how the person died. Not only do they look at the body but they also very closely examine its clothing. By taking the time to look in great detail of the way the clothes were weaved, what colours they were, the fabric used and also the sticking techniques, it helps scientists to date the body as close as they can. These brilliant bog bodies have the extraordinary power to abolish temporal distance, to make the past present. These amazing dead bodies are unbelievably hundreds of years old however people still believe that from their facial expressions we can only begin to imagen the life the bog body had and whether they were killed, murdered, executed or had committed suicide. Scientists can tell from these bodies there social status by clothing, jewellery and they can also tell this sometimes by taking into account the bodies last meal. The peatlands manage to preserve the body so well that scientists can take a look into the bodys stomach in order to see this. Both of the amazing poems in which I will be studying are both quatrains with links of the past; they are also long narrow poems, which are usually very old fashioned. In some ways these poems are very similar, however on some aspects of the poems they are very different, but on the other hand they both show historical links of the past and the present. Starting with the poem Punishment, this poem is based on the 14-year-old girl who was hung for adultery and you see a lot of reference towards this young girl, she is known as the windeby girl. This is known as a controversial poem as it reflects Seamus Heaneys ambiguous relationship with the IRA as he has the understandings of the crimes whilst also condemning them. A very good tool in which this is expressed is the way in which this poem is written as it is through the eyes of Seamus Heaney himself. This is clearly highlighted throughout this poem. You are able to notice this straight away as in the first stanza on the first line it says I can feel the tug. This immediately tells the readers that this isnt going to be a pleasant subject in which the poem is written. By using the word tug it is a very onomatopoeic way to start a poem, and by using such a strong line to start the poem it emphasizes the way in which he identifies himself with her. As Seamus Heaney carries on to explain what he sees in the rest of the stanza he uses the alliteration of nape and neck to imitate the rope pulling on her neck. The last line of the first stanza is boat imagery that is used throughout this poem. You can spot this as Seamus Heaney writes On her naked front referring to the lady at the front of a boat. Moving on the second stanza you once again have boat imagery on lines three and four as it says it shakes the frail rigging / of her ribs you can tell this is boat imagery as rigging is the part of the boat. However, the previous line to the boat imagery is bog imagery, you can see that most of the imagery used in this poem has a connection to water, and you will continue to notice this. The phrase to amber beads is as I said not only bog imagery but also as the peatlands managed to preserve things just as amber does this but it is also a natural object of the world just as the peatlands are. Bog imagery is also continued into stanza three. The words in which identify this are drowned, body in the bog and weighing stone. These are all carried on lines one, two and three of the third stanza. If you havent already noticed each stanza of this poem contains enjambment, this means that each line runs over. An easy way to spot this is to see whether each line contains a comma or a full stop at the end. However not only is bog imagery used but also boat imagery is used once again, in the final line of this stanza, floating rods and boughs. Contrasting the point of most of the imagery is someway connected to water; in the fourth stanza tree imagery is used. The windeby girls skin is compared to a tree without bark as Seamus Heaney wrote she was a barked sapling.

Law of Tort Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Tort - Research Paper Example Torts can be classified into three categories depending on the nature of the defendant’s conduct: intentional torts, strict liability torts and torts of negligence (Edwards, et al., 2009). An intentional tort is a tort that describes a civil wrong resultant from a deliberate act on the part of the defendant. Intentional torts usually involve actions which may also constitute a crime, for example an assault. However, a tort should be distinguished from a crime. Strict liability torts refer to situations where an individual is liable for injury of another no matter the precautions that were taken. This type of torts is found to a lesser degree, more often than not in the context of product liability. Negligence as a tort decides legal responsibility for slapdash action or inaction which causes injury. Thus, the tort of negligence covers a wide span of human activity and it may not necessarily be concerned with the activity itself but also the manner in which the activity is carr ied out. A negligent conduct is that which falls bellow an acceptable standard and it will mount up to a tort if it causes damage to a party. Negligence will be proved where the defendant owed the claimant a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty of care, the breach resulted to harm or damage to the plaintiff and lastly, the type of damage suffered by the plaintiff is closely related to the defendant’s conduct/actions (Stuhmcke, 2001). The objectives of the law of tort are to compensate victims of injury and loss and protect the interests of individuals that are their reputation, property etc. The other objective of the law of tort is to ensure that individuals check their actions and realize that they affect other people. It also provides the means whereby a person who regards himself or herself as above suspicion in a dispute can be judged by being declared in public to be on the right by a court (Postema, 2002). The person who commits a tort is known as a tortfeaso r and the one to who suffers the damage is known as the tortfeasee. The Duty of Care Element For a tort of negligence to occur, the defendant must have been bound to perform some duty, that is, a defendant is only liable in negligence to a person to whom the defendant owes a duty of care and if this element is absent, the action of negligence will fail (Heaven v Pender, 1883). In this case, an owner of a dry dock supplied ropes that were used to support a phase that has been slung over the ship’s side. The stage failed because it had been previously burned and it injured an employee of a different contractor who was working over the ship’s side. The court held that the defendant, who as the ship owner was liable of tort of negligence because he failed to carry out his duty of care by checking the condition of the ropes before using them (Reid & Zimmermann, 2000). Thereza being an employer of the twenty employees, she has a duty to take due care and diligence when deali ng with them. She has a duty to fairly remunerate them as agreed in the employment contract and provide a good working environment for her workers which ensures employee health is maintained. She is also bound to supply the employees with the necessary tools and equipments to enable them carry out their work and maintain their safety. Another duty of Thereza as the ‘

Differences in Beliefs About the Causes of Health Disparties in Black Article

Differences in Beliefs About the Causes of Health Disparties in Black and White Nurses - Article Example The Caucasian nurses focus on genetic variables to determine the health disparities. The differences translate to different healthcare cultural competency skills trainings. The Article Reflects Good Management Practice. The principles in the article reflect good management practices. The African Americans correctly focus on the external factors in the pursuance of their healthcare activities (LaVeist, 2011). External activities affect the patients’ health. Consequently, resolving the issue of external healthcare providers enhances healthcare services. Implementing programs, improving communication and reducing discrimination in society resolve the disparities. Similarly, the Caucasian nurses focus on the genes. Gene research helps hasten the body’s recuperation process. The process indicates that some illnesses are triggered by certain gene formations. By focusing on rehabilitating the genes, the patient’s health improvement is hastened. The White nurses focus the â€Å"inner factors that are uncontrollable cause disparities (Chen et al., 2013. p. 275)†. These same nurses do not acquire external information in the patient rehabilitation process. The Caucasian nurses believe the patients’ genes triggered the ailments (LaVeist, 2011). I feel this is an important healthcare management article. The above article is important to the healthcare management process. By knowing how the African Americans think, the disparities can be address. By knowing how the Caucasian nurses think, disparities can also be address. Better understanding of the disparities between the two nursing groups will enhance the patient care outcomes. If the gene research shows that the patient’s health cannot be cured, the nurses accept the gene research findings (Chen et al., 2013). Further, the differences lead to variances in efforts to improve health conditions (Chen et al., 2013) For example, the

Analysis on my Favorite Poems Essay Example for Free

Analysis on my Favorite Poems Essay Dorothy Parker’s poem entitled â€Å"One Perfect Rose† is a simple verse that talks about the joy of the narrator. Despite of all the odds and confusion, she remained happy with the rose that she received. The narrator is not actually contented with what she has because she wants more than what she already received despite of its â€Å"perfection,† but she tried to be satisfied with it. The main theme of the poem is joy or happiness. Like many other woman, the narrator was very happy after receiving a very special and perfect flower just for her from the one she loved. The phrase â€Å"One perfect rose† was scattered all over the poem to justify the happiness of the narrator that happens in reality because we used to express our happiness by saying a certain thing often that delighted us. The author used irony or comparing two things with different identity or individuality such as rose and limousine also leaves and heart. Based on my interpretations, I have seen that the author wanted to show the distinction of the two terms as well as its similarity. In realism, a woman wants to enjoy herself riding a limousine after receiving a flower. From this, she feels that she is the most beautiful woman ever. On the other hand, the existence of metaphorical heart of the narrator’s man as it refers to the leaves shows irony because a leaf drops once it began to pale, which is different from a loving heart that became stronger and dignified even if it is the only one who loves. Those literary terms in the poem made me think of its sense in a deeper manner. Even if the author already gave all the details without making her readers think or imagine the emotion of the narrator, she used literary terms to make each stanza complex by showing ironies, metaphors, simile, and images or symbolisms that hides the true meaning of the poem. From here, I can say that the poem is nice and understandable that made its readers capable of reading the poem without any boundaries of uncertainties. My Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke Theodore Roethke’s poem, entitled â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† shows the life of a boy within the hands of his father. The author wanted to convey a deeper meaning in his poem. By way of reading it, I can see that it was not just a simple learning of dancing that made the narrator struggled into his father’s authority. From learning how to follow his father’s dance step signifies his pursuance of obeying his father as well as making his life the same his father’s life. The main theme of the poem is fear. The narrator was afraid to counter-attack his father from all its way of educating him but he could not do anything because even his mother could not talk or act against his father. Based on my interpretation, the author wrote this poem because he experienced the same pain and struggle of his narrator. Readers could feel each situation and waiting for the next occurrence that can happen. The poem has no resolution at all. This verse illustrates the entire situation without any act of resolving the conflict. The father is the only authority because both the child and the mother could not speak for their rights. From this, I can also say that the author justified a simple way of describing a woman and child abuse that happened within a family that many could not able to perceive. The author selected literary themes to show the emotion of the narrator as he described his experience while â€Å"dancing. † Within those literary themes is the resemblance of fear and unknown future that awaits the child. I have felt the senses and attempt of the narrator to escape but he could not because of his fear and inability to pursue his life alone. From this, I can say that I thoroughly understand each line and stanza that the author wanted to interpret that brought me a new light of this kind of situation that happened in the society that many of us could not understand. The Ruined Maid by Thomas Hardy The poem entitled â€Å"The Ruined Maid† by Thomas Hardy shows the struggle of a maid within her employers. The author showed and discussed the life of a maid without happiness but always failure. The author used two different characters in the story to show the emotions of a maid by using her friend. The author utilized jargons or terms that usually used in African-American community. Through this, even if the author did not state the physical characteristics of the maid, it shows that it refers to the Blacks by way f acknowledging the usage of words and terms in the whole poem. The author putted different literary terms or symbolisms to justify his claim about the ruined maid. Tired of digging potatoes, and spudding up docks; / And now you’ve gay bracelets and bright feathers three! (Hardy 6-7). These lines showed that work of the maid was not just to clean a house or to take care of the children, but becoming like a farmer. The metaphorical symbolisms of potatoes and bracelets also docks and feather shows the evolution of the maid’s life and â€Å"prosperity. † By comparing the bracelets and potatoes, the bracelets are light, beautiful and clean while the potatoes are full of dirt, hard, and dark. It shows that the life of the maid progresses from being a potato to become a bracelet. The maid also becomes a feather that was led by the wind even if she was already ruined. Despite of the uncertainties, the maid leaves her painful and sorrowful life in the hands of his master to find her self and new beginning alone. These literary terms made the poem more fun and entertaining. As I have read the poem, it gives me the right kind of laughter that I can feel while imagining the characteristic and lifestyle of the ruined maid. Because of this, I enjoyed every line and stanza of the poem because of the symbols, images, ironies, similes, and metaphors that exist all throughout the verse. From this, I can say that the author’s intended audiences in his poem are the middle-class people especially the Blacks because despite of all the struggles and pains that they went through, they still have the capability to laugh and entertain their selves. Conclusion As a whole, these poems are not just simple verses. They are social constructs that we usually take for granted. They are also part of realism that we tend to ignore because these occurrences exist commonly. However, if we look at the content and its context in human society, we can perceive each scenario as a sensitive issue that we need to understand and tackle. Through this, we can demonstrate some solutions to these complex problems to avoid or at least lessen its existence within the society whether it came from the minority or majority communities that we lived in. The importance of these poems is not only to entertain us but to give as the right perspectives and justifications of the â€Å"simple† truth. References Hardy, T. (2005). The Ruined Maid. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poem/926. html Parker, D. (n. d. ). One Perfect Rose. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://www. web-books. com/classics/Poetry/Anthology/Parker_D/One. htm Roethke, T. (n. d. ) My Papa’s Waltz. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://gawow. com/roethke/poems/43. html

Comparing The Prince and Measure for Measure Essay -- comparison compa

Parallels Between The Prince and Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The parallels between Machiavelli's Prince and Shakespeare's Measure for Measure are significant.   The great majority of characters in Measure for Measure - the Duke, Angelo, Claudio, Pompey and even Isabella - display Machiavellian qualities. A comparison of key passages, both of The Prince and Measure for Measure, will establish this clearly.    A study of kingship, arguably the entire premise for Measure for Measure, is immediately introduced in the first scene, with the Duke's declaration "Of government the properties to unfold/ Would seem in me t'affect speech and discourse." It is not until the third scene of act one, however, that this political discussion becomes specific and, ultimately, linked to the Machiavellian notion of statecraft. In this scene, which details the exchange between Vincentio and the Friar, we learn the reasons for the former's deputising of Angelo. Both of the Duke's significant dialogues - I.iii.20-33 and I.iii.36-55 - reveal that, for the last fourteeen years, the "strict statutes and most biting laws" (I.iii.20) punishing pre-marital intercourse have slipped into disuse. Although this scene is by no means extensive, it furnishes the reader with much food for thought.    Vincentio's Machiavellianism, as manifest in the above scene, is centred upon three main elements - his previous laxity, his present need to deflect responsibility and his use of Angelo as an instrument in effecting the enforcement of this "most biting law." Upon closer inspection, both of Measure for Measure and The Prince, we discern that the neglect apparent in the Duke's initial non-enforcement of the law may not really be neglect at all, but rathe... ...ouples) is profoundly Machiavellian. Not only does Vincentio conceal his knowledge of Claudio's safety from Isabella, he uses it in an impressive display of stagecraft, specifically designed to evoke a sort of mystical awe in all onlookers (including Isabella, who he later asks to marry him). The Duke has clearly enhanced his reputation by the "spectacular deeds" Machiavelli writes of in his Prince, "[finding] a way for punishing or rewarding[...] that is sure to be much talked about."    BIBLIOGRAPHY Shakespeare, William: Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Machiavelli, Niccolà ²: The Prince in Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others, vol. 1, trans. Allan Gilbert, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1989 Machiavelli, Niccolà ²: The Prince, trans. George Bull, London: Penguin, 1995.      

Are Computers a Hindrance?

Write about the following topic:Some people consider computers to be more of a hindrance than a help. Others believe that they have greatly increased human potential. How could computers be considered a hindrance? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience. Write at least 250 words. Look at the words or phrases in capitals. Correct your version where necessary. It is easy to understand why some people believe that computers are more of a hindrance than a help. Operations such as obtaining a refund or changing a ticket tend to be fairly straightforward without the aid of a computer, yet once one is involved, the process can become time-consuming, complex and prone to errors. In an office environment, it can sometimes seem that for every hour saved by computers, at least set of problems caused by a system malfunction. Another consideration is that, over-enthusiastic use of computers in the home has the potential to divert large amounts of free time away from activities such as socialising, tasking exercise or having dinner with your family. Spending a lot of leisure time looking at a computer monitor screen could perhaps achieving other goals in life, such as being healthy and socially integrated. However, it would be simplistic to assert that computers have a generally negative impact. There have been enormous advences in communications, medicine, design, education and numerous fields of human endeavour. Nowadays, virtually the entire sum of human knowledge is as far away as the nearest internet point. Computers have brought about a profound change in the way most people inthe developed world live. (Although it should not be forgotten that the majority of the inhabitants of this planet have never so much as touched a computer keyboard. ) The benefits of computers undoubtedly outweigh the disadventages. The question is not whethercomputers help or hinder, but whether people always use their huge potential in a sensible and responsible way?

Sodom and Gomorrah

THE SEARCH FOR SODOM: IS IT BAB EDH-DHRA OR TALL EL-HAMMAM? Jill Toodle Biblical Archaeology BIBL471_D01 April 7, 2013 Since the early 19th century archaeologists and Christian bible scholars have discovered a difference in archaeological and geographical evidence that supports a northern view of Sodom or a southern view of Sodom. The Southern site for Sodom is commonly referred to as the Bab edh-Dhra and the northern site for Sodom is referred to as the Tall el-Hammam. Since archaeologists have not uncovered exact evidence indicating a particular site as the biblical Sodom, the search for Sodom remains a mystery.To accurately investigate these sites and try to form a conclusion, key facts need to be revealed. The intention of this paper is to reveal certain facts pertaining to those areas. The specific facts are as follows; the site each position believes is Sodom, the evidence for destruction at both sites and how each site meets the criteria for the biblical location of Sodom. In addition this paper will compare and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each position. Two sites have been excavated as possible sites of the biblical Sodom.Which one is it? First the paper will focus on the southern site named Bab edh-Dhra, and then an analysis of the Tall el-Hammam will be done. Bab edh-Dhra is the excavated site along the Valley of Siddom, South of the Dead Sea. Many proponents of this site suggest that this site is located precisely on the eastern fault, which provides evidence for it’s destruction. [1] Furthermore, they indicate that the Bible historically supports this location in Genesis 13:10, Genesis 14:10 and Genesis 19:24. J.Penrose Harland explains that an overall agreement between the southern supporters and northern supporters is that the cities of the Plain are to be found in Ghor, or Valley of the Jordan and the Dead Sea. However, Harland states, â€Å"the evidence is preponderantly in favor of a location at the Southern end of the Dead Sea†, which is described as Bab edh-Dhra. [2] To better grasp this preponderant view the archaeological evidence for the destruction of Bab edh-Dhra should be revealed. Dr. Price is a prominent supporter of this site and he reveals that this site was never reoccupied after the Early Bronze date of 2300-2000 B.C. [3] This evidence supports the truth that after the destruction of Sodom by the wrath of God that this location was uninhabitable. Furthermore, significant ash layers were discovered, which supports Genesis 19: 24-28. Geologist Frederick Clapp surveyed Ghor, the southern end of the Dead Sea and discovered abundant amounts of asphalt, petroleum and natural gas. In addition, the smell of sulphur and ash deposits represented in Genesis 14:10 were present. [4] Since the Bible informs us that Sodom was destroyed during the time of the Patriarchs one important discovery needs to be made in regard to the date of the Patriarchs.The site of Bab edh-Dhra provides a date of the second millennium B. C. Dr. Price confirms this discovery and states, â€Å"Only a second millennium context will fit the type of inheritance practiced by the Patriarchs. [5] Many bible scholars and archaeologists have spent numerous hours uncovering the site of Bab edh-Dhra. At this point the criteria that causes Bab edh-Dhra to be considered as biblical Sodom is the followings; the Bible, the late Greek and Roman writers, from geology and topography, from hydrography, and archaeology. [6] Furthermore, Genesis 13:10 describes Sodom as â€Å"a well watered land like the land of Egypt. Therefore, the Paleo-botanical studies done on and at the Bab edh-Dhra site reveal that the area has had a rich diversity of crops, meeting the criteria for a well-watered land. [7] Another huge discovery that causes Bab edh-Dhra to be recognized as Sodom is the reference in Genesis 19:1, where Lot is sitting at the city gate. Bab edh-Dhra actually means â€Å"gate of the arm. † Wood describes this fortification when he describes what the gate and site measure. He states, â€Å"The city wall, enclosing an area of 9-10 acres, was a massive 7m (23 ft) wide and made of stones and mud bricks. [8] Although the Bab edh-Dhra has not been confirmed as the definite biblical Sodom, there is very strong evidence linking it to the Sodom described in the infallible Word of God. However, a professor from Albuquerque has followed and found based on the geography and history presented in the Bible a site called Tall el-Hammam, the northern site in question. Dr. Collins and many other scholars believe that this site is actually the correct site for biblical Sodom. Therefore, throughout the next section of this paper, a detailed analysis to the Tall el-Hammam will be done. Tall el-Hammam s the site located on the northern circular plain of the southern Jordan Valley. Proponents of this site are, Charles W. Wilson, H. H. Kitchener, Claude R. Conder, Selah Merrill, Henry B Tristram, Willia m M. Thomson, George Grove and Henry S. Osborn. [9] They form their conclusion based on an analysis of the Hebrew text and their understanding of geography. Dr. Collins explains that the place that Lot set out to is clearly between Bethel and Ai. [10] This location provides the evidence for scholars to lean towards the Tall el-Hammam as the biblical Sodom, instead of the southern site, Bab edh-Dhra.Supporting this, a majority of biblical scholars locate Bethel, near Beitin, about 12 miles north of Jerusalem. Therefore, if Sodom is located between Bethel and Ai, the Tall el-Hammam better fits the criteria for being the biblical Sodom. When looking at the archaeological evidence for the destruction of the Tall el-Hammam archaeologist have discovered the site was destroyed near the end of the Middle Bronze Age. Dr. Collins explains that they have discovered vast quantities of ash, consisting of 1. 5 to 3 feet thick of heavy ash associated with the Middle Bronze Age stratum. 11] Some of the debris found is pottery, a few bones, some ash and something an excited digger thought was part of the meteor some believers speculate God hurled at Sodom to destroy it. [12] In addition, the Tall el-Hammam site reveals that a temperature exceeding 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit destroyed the area; this gave evidence of catastrophic damage. [13] Based on the evidence revealed through archaeological excavation of the Tall el-Hammam, the supporters of this site date the Patriarchs as 17/16th Century, or Middle Bronze Age.Collins says the â€Å"Bible makes it clear that Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed during the Middle Bronze Age, the time of Abraham and Lot†. [14] This dating is certainly the biggest difference between the two sites in question. Therefore, it is important to list how the Tall el-Hammam meets the criteria for the biblical Sodom. The specific discoveries of the Tall el-Hammam meet the criteria are described briefly in this paragraph. First, the bible describes t he place where Lot went as being a well-watered land, like the land of Egypt.Tall el-Hammam is located on a disk of well-watered plain 18 miles (30km) in diameter in the Jordan Valley north of the Dead Sea! This location is exactly where Dr. Collins believes the biblical Sodom exists. The Hebrew word kikkar has special significance to the location of the Tall el-Hammam. This word was used to describe what Lot looked up and saw. Kikkar is a plain, round or oval shaped. Dr. Collins explains that when kikkar is used to describe a geographical construct, it refers to a disk shaped plain in the Southern Jordan Valley. 15] The specific site of the Tall el-Hammam has revealed that it was a well watered and fertile land, with large wadis wrapped around the fortification in exactly the described location. Another discovery was that in 3000-2350 B. C. E. the site was protected by enormous defenses. This indicated a strong government and settlements associated with an agricultural economy. Whe n debating the two locations in consideration for the biblical site of Sodom, strengths and weakness of each view exist. Some of the strengths of the Bab edh-Dhra site are the discovery that the location was destroyed in the Early Bronze Age and never occupied again.This seems likely since God destroyed it with such great wrath. Strength of the Bab edh-Dhra is the fact that Lot was closely associated with Moab. [16] Therefore, the southern half of the Dead Sea would seem appropriate. In addition the charnel houses discovered in Bab edh-Dhra suggest a catastrophic event that burned many areas and came from above. [17] As for the weaknesses of in the location of Bab edh-Dhra, one is the fact that the Bible does not indicate specifically a southern site. Also, the lack of an excavated gate complex like the one found at the Tall el-Hammam and the difference in the size of the two sites.Bab edh-Dhra is approximately 12 acres and Tall el-Hammam is 100 acres. [18] When evaluating the weakn esses of the Tall el-Hammam some often mention the dating of the Patriarchs. Some believe that Dr. Collins has lowered the date of Abraham in order to create a match with his excavations. Dr. Collins absolutely denies that. Genesis 14 and 29 support an Early Bronze Age date for the Patriarchs and the Tall el-Hammam contradicts that date. Furthermore, the Tall el-Hammam was reinhabited hundreds of years after the destruction. This seems unlikely due to the soil being severely contaminated.Some strengths of the Tall el-Hammam site are the amount of ash and â€Å"frothy† magna indicating a temperature above 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. Additionally, the northern location of Sodom seems more likely, since the Bible suggests that Sodom is between Bethel and Ai (Genesis 13:1-2). Tall el-Hammam is visible from that area which is ten miles north of Jerusalem. [19] In closing, I would like to suggest that it is just too early to exactly say which site is the correct biblical Sodom. Howeve r, the amount of ash strongly points to the Tall el-Hammam.I have reservations because of the date of the Patriarchs given to that site and the fact of it being occupied once again in the Late Bronze Age. This certainly complicates the excavation. Interestingly, very intelligent evangelical biblical archaeologists disagree on which site is in fact the biblical Sodom. I find it very difficult to form an opinion, considering Dr. Price, the author of our textbook The Stones Cry Out concludes the Bab edh-Dhra as the correct site and my professor, Dr. David Graves, is the field supervisor of the Roman remains (Livias? ) at the Tall el-Hammam (Sodom? excavations in Jordan. Due to this reality and the evidence, I am undecided. I have chosen to let the reader form an individual conclusion based on the evidence I have presented in this paper. Hopefully, I have equally analyzed each site and the reader can participate in this exciting journey of biblical discoveries to uncover the biblical So dom. Bibliography Collins, Steven. â€Å"Discovering the City of Sodom. † Kirkus Reviews 3 (Feb 2013), http://www. kirkusreviews. com Collins, Steven. â€Å"If You Thought You Knew the Location of Sodom and Gomorrah†¦ think Again. Biblical Research Bulletin 7, no. 4 (2007): 1-6. Collins, Steven. â€Å"North vs. South: Why the Southern Location Doesn’t Work. † Sidebar to: Where is Sodom. † Biblical Archaeology Society 39, no. 2 (Mar/April 2013) http://www. basarchive. org. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/bswbBrowse. asp? PubID=BSBA &Volume=39&Issue=2&ArticleID=2&UserID=1037. Collins, Steven. â€Å"Where Is Sodom? The Case for Tall el-Hammam. † Biblical Archaeology Society 39, no. 2 (Mar/April 2013). http:www. basarchive. org. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/bswbBrowse. asp?PubID=BSBA &Volume=39&Issue=2&ArticleID=2&UserID=1037. Harland, J. Penrose. â€Å"Sodom and Gomorrah: The location of the Cities of the Plain. † The Biblical Archaeologist 5, no . 2 (May 1942): 17-32. Higgins, Andrew. â€Å"Digging for Sin City, Christians Toil in Jordan Desert; Prof Collins seeks Sodom with Scriptures as Guide and Volunteers as Muscle. † Wall Street Journal, A1 edition (February 2007). http://search. proquest. com/docview/399037586? accountid=12085 Price, Randall. The Stones Cry Out. Oregon: Harvest House, 1997. Wood, Bryant G. The Discovery of the Sin Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. † Bible and Spade 12, no. 3 (1999). â€Å"Search for Sodom and Gomorrah. † (August 2009). http://blog. bibleplaces. com/2009/08/ Video-Searchforsodomandgomorrah. html ———————– [1] Bryant Wood, â€Å"The Discovery of the Sin Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah,† Bible and Spade 12, no. 3(1999): 0. [2] J. P. Harland, â€Å"Sodom and Gomorrah:The location of the Cities of the Plain,†The Biblical Archaeologist 5, no. 2 (May 1942):19. [3] Randall Price, The Stones Cry Out (Oregon: Harv est House, 1997), 120. [4] Price, 118-119. 5] Price, 94. [6] Harland, 28. [7] Wood, 0. [8] Wood, 0. [9] Steven Collins, â€Å"North vs. South: Why the Southern Location Doesn’t work,† Biblical Archaeology Society 39, no. 2 (Mar/April 2013):0. [10] Steven Collins, â€Å"Where is Sodom? The Case for Tall el-Hammam,† Biblical Archaeology Society 39, no. 2 (Mar/April 2013). [11] Collins, â€Å"Where is Sodom? The Case for Tall el-Hammam,† 0. [12]Andrew Higgins. â€Å"Digging for Sin City Christians Toil in Jordan Desert, Prof. Collins seeks Sodom with Scriptures as Guides and Volunteers as Muscle,† Wall Street Journal, A1 edition (Feb 2007): 0. 13] Collins, â€Å"Where is Sodom? The Case for Tall el-Hammam,† 0. [14] The Journal for Jane Mahoney, â€Å"Digging a New Path to Lost Cities; Albuquerque Archaeologist uses Biblical Clues to Find what He thinks are the Ruins of Sodom an Gomorrah,† Albuquerque Journal (June 2006):0. [15] Steven Co llins, â€Å"If You Thought You Knew the Location of Sodom and Gomorrah.. think Again,† Biblical Research Bulletin 7, no. 4 (2007): 2. [16]Harland, 21. [17] Price, 117. [18] Collins, â€Å"Where is Sodom? The Case of the Tall el-Hammam,† 0. [19] â€Å"Search for Sodom and Gomorrah,† (August 2009), http://bibleplaces. com

Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essays

Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essays Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essay Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essay Dissertation Submitted to the Dr. D. Y. Patil University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of The Degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by: Ankit Sharma [pic] Current Future Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries with respect to SCI Ltd. Dissertation Submitted to the Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award ofThe Degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [pic] DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation Current Future Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries with respect to SHIPPING CO OPRATION OF INDIA Ltd (SCI). submitted for the MBA Degree at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University’s Department of Business Management is my original work and the dissertation has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles. Place: Navi Mumbai Date:ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A lot of people have contributed in making this project report by giving me the required knowledge and time. I would like to thank all of them. It is because of their continued assistance and competence that I have been able to reach this milestone. for instilling confidence in me to carry out this study and extending his valuable guidance and encouragement from time to time, without which it would not have been possible to undertake and complete this project within the stipulated time.The route of this service is as follows: Colombo/Mundra/JebelAli/Mundra/Pipavav/JNP/Cochin/Tuticorin. SCI also provides services to other upper-Gulf ports like Bahrain, Bandar Abbas, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait, and Muscat via Jebel Ali. The SCI began operating this new independent weekly service from March 2008 to the Gulf, with three owned 1600 TEU (1800 TEU nominal) vessels, on a round voyage schedule of 21 days. In December 2008, the SMILE service was expanded to carry feeder and coastal cargoes on the west coast of India. Through the SMILE service, the SCI has commenced a coastal service on the west coast of India between Mundra, Cochin and Tuticorin from December 2008.The main objective of this study is to ascertain the future exports of goods services to gulf countries in relationship with Shipping Corporation of India (SCI). Focus of the research would be to find out which gulf country’s economy will ascend in the near future its repercussions on the consumption pattern of the gulf countries, what will be the demand condition, market potential in the current economic scenario in the near future in terms of Export Import trade. The recommendations suggestions will focus on which products should be exported to the gulf countries by The Shipping Corporation of India to increase their overall profitability. Comprehensive study on linear service provided by the Shipping Corporation of India the marketing aspects related to it.The study involves in finding out the current players in the container trade to gulf countries, what are the major commodities that are exported, what is the vessel size if it is a weekly service. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION About Shipping Industry About Shipping Industry We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy – and that economy simply could not function if it were not for ships and the shipping industry. Shipping is truly the lynchpin of the global economy: without shipping, intercontinental trade, the bulk transport of raw materials and the import/export of affordable food and manufactured go ods would simply not be possible.Of all the sectors that make up the global transport infrastructure, shipping probably has the lowest public profile and the least representative public image. Its importance is not well known although not a single area of our life remains unaffected by it. In the recent past developing countries have put the pedal on the gas and have raced ahead from the developed countries in case of the international trade. The growth in international trade, removal of trade barriers being the principal reason, has made the developing countries to concentrate more on the improvement of their infrastructure, like roads, airports, seaports, which play a vital role in the development of the economy.Product storage, along with the capacity to move large shipments have placed the shipping industry in a very advantageous position. Containerization, multi-modal transport services, advancement of marine engineering technology, specialized systems, and computerization have contributed towards making sea transport as a prime mode for movement of internationally traded goods. However, the development of shipping industry in a country also depends on its population density, economic advancement and many other inter-related conditions, like port and refueling capacities. CHAPTER-2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT Primary Objective:Objective of the study is to find the current future potential of export of goods to Persian Gulf countries in relationship with Shipping Corporation of India. Secondary Objective: and Gulf countries for the year 2012-13 Secondary objective of the study is as mentioned below:- Current scenario of the global shipping industry India’s contribution to the world trade Total number of commodities exported imported by India Total number of commodities exported to and imported from Gulf countries in the year 2010-11 Potential future export of commodities between India and Gulf countries Competitor Analy sis Major commodities exported to Gulf countries List of documents required by the shipping vessels Comprehensive study on the liner service Trade study of last 3 years Projections of the trade between India CHAPTER-3 LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW International Shipping Industry Benefits from Recent Tax Changes: Certified Public Accountant Lifson, David A; Bentley, Peter E. The CPA Journal[pic]75. 6[pic] (Jun 2005): 48-52. Despite its continuing importance, the shipping industry has lost most of the prestige it held in this country. One reason is that although several U. S. shipping companies are publicly traded, the nation is less well represented in international shipping than in other, comparable global industries. To partially address this complaint, and in an attempt to incentivize the U. S. hipping industry, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 includes four measures-the deferral of freight tax regulations; changes to the controlled foreign corporation rules; chang es to the foreign tax credit rules; and the introduction of a tonnage tax for qualified entities-that represent a dramatic change in federal tax policy and will likely make the U. S. environment more attractive to businesses engaged in U. S. -international shipping. The tax changes described in this article will have broad impact and are designed to change the risk-reward assumptions that the industry had come to accept. Over the coming months, ship-owners, operators, and financiers will better understand how these changes apply to them, and how they can profit in the new tax environment. The Greek shipping industry Grammenos, Costas T; Choi, Chong Ju International Studies of Management Organization[pic]29. 1[pic] (Spring 1999): 34-52. A wide range of industries are undergoing changes brought on by globalization.Even the Greek shipping industry, traditionally based in Greece with a wide international network, is being forced to make structural adjustments as changes in the regulato ry environment demand different means of financing, and these will, in turn, evitably change the competitive structure of the industry. The study analyzes the competitive advantage of ethnically homogeneous business networks with particular reference to the Greek shipping industry. Ethic homogeneity can provide market signals that can compensate for the contract uncertainty arising from the absence of legal means of contract enforcement. Also considered are the implications for shipping regimes such as those involving shipping cartels and safety and environmental concerns. Measuring Success Factors of Quality Management in the Shipping Industry Cheng, T C Edwin, Choy, Petrus W C. Maritime Economics Logistics[pic]9. 3[pic] (Sep 2007): 234-253.It is generally accepted that quality management is considered a valuable competitive factor for firms that confers them competitive advantages and enables them to achieve superior performance. Although there have been numerous studies examinin g general quality management practices and implementation, industry-specific studies on quality management practices and factors that influence their success in the shipping industry are rather few. This study seeks to identify the factors that are critical to successful quality management, and attempts to develop a reliable, empirically tested, and rigorously validated measurement instrument for quality management, for the shipping industry. We conducted a large-scale survey of shipping industry executives and applied a rigorous research methodology to treat the survey data.We identified four success factors of quality management, which are top management commitment and participation, quality information and performance measurement, employee training and empowerment, and customer focus, and developed a functional instrument to measure quality management in the shipping industry. This paper contributes to research by identifying the success factors of quality management, and provide s managerial insights on the successful management of quality, in the shipping industry. Helping the Shipping Industry to Bounce Back from the Global Challenge in the Face of the Economic Downturn Anonymous. PR Newswire [New York] 11 Jan 2010. More than 40 brilliant speakers from the Chinese government, marine organizations, shipping corporations, and technology providers from all over the world will speak to over 200 attendees active in the industry on the summit themes of efficiency, security, and the environment. Since its creation in 2007, Shipping Tech has encouraged technological development across the shipping industry and established an international forum for cooperation between governments, shipping corporations, ship manufacturing corporations, technology providers and other related industrial elites for the innovation of shipping technology. Liberalization and Deregulation in the Domestic Shipping Industry: Effects on Competition and Market Structure Austria, Myrna S. Ph ilippine Journal of Development[pic]30. 1[pic] (2003): 29-69. The paper is organized as follows. The first section discusses the contestability of markets in the shipping industry, including the arguments for and against regulating the industry.The succeeding section examines the policy reforms made through liberalization and deregulation. The effects of the reforms on market structure and competition, including the impact of competition on efficiency, are then analyzed. This is followed by a discussion on the role of the Maritime Industry Authority in a deregulated and liberalized environment. Areas for competition policy and further reforms are then identified. Shipping industry continues to face difficulties Accord Fintech [Mumbai] 10 Feb 2010. Increase in handling of iron ore, thermal coal, petroleum oil and lubricant products (POL) and container traffic were the main factors pushing the cargo volumes.The Baltic Dry Index (BDI), the global benchmark for shipping freight rates of dry bulk carriers, started recovering in April last year riding on surging commodity demand from China. Indian shipping industry faces negative outlook in 2011: Fitch Anonymous. Asia Pulse [Rhodes] 28 Jan 2011. Fitch Ratings maintains a negative outlook on the Indian shipping industry in 2011, as freight rates will remain depressed because of the demand-supply imbalance caused by a net increase in capacity exceeding demand, it said in a statement. * The ratings firm said that lower freight rates have affected revenue generation across shipping companies, in line with the global trend and said major players will be under pressure in 2011. During 2011, low freight rates are expected across all segments like dry bulkers, tankers and containers, and few Indian shipping companies are expected to undertake aggressive capex plans, it said. Container Shipping Industry Celebrates National Maritime Day Anonymous. PR Newswire [New York] 21 May 2008. Atlantic Container Line AB, China Shipping (Group) Company, CMA-CGM Group, COSCO, Crowley Maritime Corporation, CSAV (Compania Sud-Americana de Vapores S. A. ), Hanjin Shipping Co. Ltd. , Hapag-Lloyd AG, Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. , Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Maersk Line, Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC), Mediterranean Shipping Co. S. A. (MSC), Mitsui O. S. K.Lines, Neptune Orient Lines Ltd/APL, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK), Orient Overseas Container Line Ltd (OOCL), Pacific International Lines (Pte) Ltd, United Arab Shipping Co (SAG), Wan Hai Lines Ltd, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp. , Zim Integrated Shipping Service Ltd. Indian Shipping Industry Carrying Capacity Cross 10 Mln Gt Anonymous. Asia Pulse [Rhodes] 20 Sep 2010. The aim was to provide a level playing field to domestic shipping industry against the international shipping companies and facilitate the growth of Indian tonnage. [ ] the Indian tonnage has steadily grown over the last 5 years from 6. 94 million in April 2004 to the present level , the statement said. Research and Markets; Indian Shipping Industry Economics Week (Mar 23, 2012): 548.The Shipping Industry Sailing through turbulent waters The Shipping industry is highly co-related to the developments in global trade, therefore any adversity in the global economic growth adversely affects the prospects of global shipping fraternity thereby explaining the cyclical nature of the industry. CHAPTER-4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research refers to a search for knowledge. It is a systematic method of collecting and recording the facts in the form of numerical data relevant to the formulated problem and arriving at certain conclusions over the problem based on collected data. Thus formulation of the problem is the first and oremost step in the research process followed by the collection, recording, tabulation and analysis and drawing the conclusions. The problem formulation starts with defining the problem or number of problems in the functional area. To detect the functional area and locate the exact problem is most important part of any research as the whole research is based on the problem. According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions: collecting, organizing and evaluating data: making deductions and reaching conclusions: and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.Research can be defined as the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is research. SOURCES OF DATA: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character, questions and interview s methods were accede to collect primary data by visiting the factory premises and various departments in it. It was collected from the employees working in the factory. By using both the questionnaire method and interview method. I would gather information from the employees. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTIONIt is collected from the internal records of the company such as library records, trade journals, various manuals of the company, various training programs previously conducted and it’s responds etc; It is also conducted from the officials of the pursued department in the factory. Secondary data provides a better view of the problem study many magazines, tools and other references were also mean important in this study. CHAPTER-5 GLOBAL SCENARIO GLOBAL SCENARIO It is generally accepted that more than 90 per cent of global trade is carried by sea. Throughout the last century the shipping industry has seen a general trend of increases in total trade volume.Increasing industrializa tion and the liberalization of national economies have fuelled free trade and a growing demand for consumer products. Advances in technology have also made shipping an increasingly efficient and swift method of transport. World seaborne trade figures i. e. the amount of goods actually loaded aboard ships have increased considerably since the 70s and in 2008, reached 8. 2 billion tons of goods loaded. As with all industrial sectors, however, shipping is not immune to economic downturns and 2009 witnessed the worst global recession in over seven decades and the sharpest decline in the volume of global merchandise trade.In tandem with the collapse in economic growth and trade, international seaborne trade volumes contracted by 4. 5 per cent and total goods loaded went down to 7. 8 billion tons in 2009. However seaborne trade bounced back in 2010 and grew by an estimated 7 % taking the total of goods loaded to 8. 4 billion tons. Developing countries continued to account for the largest share of global seaborne trade (60% of all goods loaded and 56 % of all goods unloaded), reflecting their growing resilience to economic setbacks and an increasingly leading role in driving global trade. Developed economies’ shares of global goods loaded and unloaded were 34 % and 43 % respectively. Transition economies accounted for 6 % of goods loaded and 1 % of goods unloaded. Developing countries are expanding their participation in a range of different maritime businesses. They have growing market shares in more capital-intensive or technologically advanced maritime sectors such as ship construction and ship owning. China and the Republic of Korea between them built 72. 4 per cent of world ship capacity (dwt) in 2010, and 9 of the 20 largest countries in ship owning in January 2011 are developing countries. Dry cargo, including bulk, break bulk, and containerized cargo, accounted for the largest share of goods loaded (66. 3%), while oil made up the balance. Growth in dry bulk trade is estimated at 4. 8% with the five major bulk products, fuelled mainly by the needs of China’s metal industries.In 2010, developed economies recorded positive growth, with their GDP expanding by 2. 5 per cent. The United States and Japan performed better than the European Union, growing respectively by 2. 9 per cent, 4. 0 per cent and 1. 8 per cent. Developing economies and economies in transition continued to drive the global recovery with the rebound being led by large emerging economies, in particular China (10. 3 per cent), India (8. 6 per cent) and Brazil (7. 5 per cent). Almost unburdened by the financial crisis and consequent economic downturn, China, India and other developing countries resumed their expansion by generating their own growth instead of relying on exports to developed economies’ markets.While the Unites States remains the main source of import demand for Asia, China has evolved into an independent engine of regional growth and a larg er source of final demand for a number of emerging developing economies, including the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan, Province of China. The lead taken by developing countries in powering global growth reflects a shake-up in the world’s economic order which has taken decades to unfold. UNCTAD data show that the share of developing countries in the global economic output rose from about 17 per cent in 1980 to over 28 per cent in 2010, raising the influence of these countries in the world’s economic performance.In 2010, China overtook Japan as the world’s second biggest economy (in nominal terms) and is leading the transformation together with some of the world’s fastest-growing economies such as India and Indonesia. An important economic milestone in 2010 was Brazil’s ranking as the world’s seventh largest economy after surpassing Italy. Goldman Sachs is now predicting that the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) will overtake the G–7 countries in size of their economies by 2018, i. e. much sooner than its original prediction of 2040 made a decade ago. The overall strong performance of developing countries as a group conceals differences between countries and groupings.For example, GDP growth in South Africa (2. 8 per cent) was much lower than the rates recorded by China, India and Brazil. Similarly, the recovery in many of the least developed countries (LDCs) remained below their potential with GDP growth (4. 8 per cent) not returning to its pre-crisis levels. The economic downturn and consequent increase in unemployment, together with the drop in social spending, can cause a serious setback to social equity and poverty alleviation. Although some ground has been gained, between 2007 and the end of 2009, at least 30 million jobs are estimated to have been lost worldwide as a result of the global financial crisis.The global economy still needs to create at least another 22 million jobs to return to the pre-crisis level of global employment. It is further estimated that 47 million to 84 million more people are falling into or staying in extreme poverty because of the global crisis. While these considerations are not specific to the LDCs, they are nevertheless more detrimental for these countries in view of their inherent vulnerability to any erosion in economic and development gains achieved as part of efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In terms of value of trade, USA is the major country engaged in maritime transport generating 10. 68% of world trade in 2008. Other major countries include Germany (8. 22%), China (7. 91%), and Japan (4. 78%).Among the Asian countries, China is the largest trader with large container port traffic and fleet. China International Marine Containers (CIMC) and Singamas are the two largest container manufacturers, which make China dominate in this field also. India is placed at eighteenth position in t he world (with a share of 1. 45%), and seventh position amongst Asian countries. Table no. 5. 1 Growth of world output 2005 2013 [pic] [pic] Effects of the Global Slowdown Shipping Industry has been widely impacted given the economic slowdown of 2008 and 2009. Since the demand for ships / vessels is a derived demand of commodities, the slowdown affected the demand for ships / vessels during this period.This has been evident from the movement of Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which is a daily weighted average of prices of shipping raw materials, and is one of the leading indicators of global economic activity. BDI measures the demand to move raw materials, which indicates production, planning and industrial activity worldwide. BDI reflects the freight cost to transport dry bulk cargoes around the world, mainly raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and grains. The index excludes wet cargoes (such as crude oil carried by tankers) and container business (used mainly to carry manufactured prod ucts). As the global trade shrunk by over 10%, many shipping lines found themselves in a situation of excess capacity (many liners ordered new ships during the economic boom period).Some analysts predicted that at least few shipping lines would go out of business to match with the supply demand situation. However, it is believed that shipping lines, in an informal arrangement, collectively reduced the capacity through slow steaming’ (spending more days in sea, which helped them to save on fuel and reduce capacity). It is estimated that slow-steaming could cut a liner’s capacity by around 5%. It is also believed that some shipping lines have teamed up to levy a voluntary surcharge of US $ 400 per container. Both the Federal Maritime Commission (USA) and the European Monitoring Agency are closely monitoring the developments to see any evidence of price fixing by shipping liners. Maritime Transport and Climate Change ChallengeLike other economic sectors, maritime transpor t, which by volume carries over 80% of global trade, has a role to play in addressing formidable challenge of climate change. International maritime transport is playing a part in contributing to climate change, but more importantly, it is also likely to be directly and indirectly impacted by the various climate change factors, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events and rising temperatures. The wide-ranging impacts of climate change, including that from maritime transport, and their potential implications for trade, economic growth and development, underscore the need to integrate climate considerations into strategies for transport planning and development.Increasingly, it is being recognized that considered and concerted actions are urgently required to ensure effective control of greenhouse gas emissions and to establish the requisite adaptive capacity in the shipping industry, especially in developing countries. Recognizing the importance for the maritime transport se ctor of contributing to global efforts at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) is considering a number of mitigation measures aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping. Integration of Shipping Industry with Global Logistics and Supply Chains Global shipping majors, like other segments of the conventional transport industry, are increasingly getting integrated with the emerging global logistics and supply chain activities, owing to both external and internal dynamics.Many firms are entering into the enhanced canvas of offering logistics solutions, such as door-to-door delivery systems, integrating with rail/road haulage movements of cargo, customs brokerage, cargo consolidation, packaging/ re-packaging, and distribution services, thereby substantially consolidating their market position, and supplementing their ocean freight income. The global shipping industry is thus going through a maj or redefinition by undertaking logistic integration of their cargo operations. Change in Directions in Trade Volume Multi-polarity of trade flows, and the growth in trade volumes of Asian region is expected to impact the world shipping, as profoundly done by liner shipping and containerized cargo some decades ago.The earlier phase of trade volume witnessed shipping growth in Transatlantic and Transpacific routes, and the growing volume of world trade, especially from Asia, is likely to position the Pacific Rim and Indian Ocean Rim routes in the lime light. Common Port to Specialist Port Ports have been conventionally viewed as provider of omnibus solution to all types of cargo on a common basis. However, the global trend is veering into development of freight specialized ports – such as LNG terminals, container terminals that involve high capital costs and intensive deployment of cargo handling equipment. Also, there has been a global trend in the port sector towards growing separation of port authority from port operator.The balance of power in the maritime trade, which was traditionally in favor of shipping lines, has been shifting in favor of shipper, whose cargo is being moved. With such emerging trends in port development in the world, shipping companies are expected to change their strategies and offer solutions to suit such trends. Growth in Establishment of Transshipment Terminals Growth in long distance and containerized trade has led to the growth in establishment of transshipment hubs. It is not possible to establish direct shipping connections between every country because either there may not be enough volume, or the ports may be located distantly from each other. Therefore, a set of direct or transshipment connections are required to link all country pairs by maritime shipping.For this purpose, the transshipment terminals and intermediate hubs have been started. The world’s most important intermediate hub is ingapore, where 92% of its traffic is transshipped. The emergence of major intermediate hubs favored a concentraStion of large vessels along long-distance, high capacity routes, while smaller ports can be serviced with lower capacity ships. Consequently, the emergence of intermediate hubs has permitted liner services that would otherwise be economically unfeasible. Port Regionalization Ports, especially large gateways, are facing a wide array of local constraints that impair their growth and efficiency. Limited availability of land for expansion is among one of the most acute problems.This issue is exacerbated by the deepwater requirements for handling larger ships. Port regionalization is required when the ports are not able to handle additional traffic. Port regionalization refers to integration between maritime and inland transport systems, particularly by using rail and barge transportation, which are less prone to congestion than road transportation. Port regionalization and hinterland connectivity h as been growing over the years, with the objective of meeting the constraints faced by ports. Port regionalization helps in creating a regional load centre network through joint development of a specific load centre and logistics platform in the hinterland.This has led to the development of corridors leaning on rail or barge services connecting to inland terminal facilities, which act either as satellite terminals, load centers or, less commonly, transmodal facilities. Many port authorities, terminal operators, commercial real estate developers and local/regional governments have been actively involved in the setting of such facilities. Satellite terminals: These are tend to be close to a port facility, but mainly at the periphery of its metropolitan area (often less than 100 km), since they mainly assume a service function to the seaport facilities. They accommodate additional traffic and undertake services that have become too expensive at the port, such as warehousing (e. g. emp ty containers) and distribution.Satellite terminals can also serve as load centers for local or regional markets, particularly if economic density is high, in which case they form a multi-terminal cluster with the main port they are connected to through regular rail or barge shuttle services. For gateways having a strong import component, a satellite terminal can also undertake transloading function in a significant manner, where the contents of maritime containers are transloaded into domestic containers or truckloads. Load centers: This refers to a major intermodal facility load center granting access to welldefined regional markets that include production and consumption functions. It commonly corresponds to a metropolitan area where a variety of Intermodal / transmodal facilities: These link large systems of freight circulation either through the same mode (e. g. ail terminals serve concomitantly intermodal, warehousing, distribution and logistics functions. These tend to ta ke place in logistics parks and free trade zones (or foreign trade zones). The inland terminal is thus the point of collection or distribution of a regional market. The more extensive and diversified the market, the more important is the load center. If the load center has a good intermediary location, such as being along a major rail corridor, then freight distribution activities servicing an extended market will be present. -to-rail) or through intermodalism (e. g. rail-to-truck). In the latter case, the inland terminal assumes the role of a load center.The origin or the destination of the freight traffic tends to be elsewhere, particularly for transmodal freight. Current World Trade Situation World trade continued to recover in 2011, albeit at a much slower pace than in 2010. After a strong rebound of more than 14 per cent in 2010, the volume of world exports in goods decelerated visibly, to 7 per cent, in 2011. The level of total world exports had fully recovered to its pre-cris is peak by the end of 2010, but it is estimated to be still below the long-term trend level by the end of 2011. As has been the case with the recovery of WGP, developing countries, particularly Asian economies with large shares in the trade of manufactured goods, led the recovery.While the level of trade in volume terms has already far surpassed the pre-crisis pe

Grammar and Writing Tips - Correlative Conjunctions Can You Both Have Your Cake and Eat it too

Grammar and Writing Tips - Correlative Conjunctions Can You Both Have Your Cake and Eat it too If you are writing a college essay, resume or cover letter, you will benefit from this grammar tip on structuring sentences using correlative conjunctions.   A correlative conjunction is a conjunction used with another conjunction that is necessary to complete the thought. Both/and is a popular correlative conjunction pair.   (Other common examples are either/or and not only/but also.)   The word â€Å"both,† when used as a correlative conjunction, is always paired with the word â€Å"and.† For example, â€Å"I like both John and his dad.† Here’s the tricky part of correlative conjunctions:   The objects or actions they refer to, i.e., the items that fall both before and after the second conjunction (in this case â€Å"and†) MUST be parallel in construction.   They must, for example, be two nouns or two verbs or two of the same SOMETHING. In the examples above, â€Å"John† and â€Å"his dad† are both nouns and are thus parallel; â€Å"before† and â€Å"after† are both prepositions and are thus parallel.   Here are some more correct ways to use both/and: CORRECT:   That day I saw both the sunrise and the sunset. [â€Å"the sunrise† is parallel to â€Å"the sunset.†] CORRECT:   That day I saw the sun both rise and set. [â€Å"rise† is parallel to â€Å"set.†] What people often do is to insert their conjunctions in the wrong place. Fix #1: INCORRECT:   Why is it so hard to accept that someone can both be a woman and a doctor? See how the phrase after â€Å"both† (â€Å"be a woman†) is not parallel to the phrase after â€Å"and† (â€Å"a doctor†)?   â€Å"Be a woman† is a verb phrase, but â€Å"a doctor† is a noun phrase. How can we fix it?   Just move the word â€Å"both†: CORRECT:   Why is it so hard to accept that someone can be both a woman and a doctor? [â€Å"a woman† is parallel to â€Å"a doctor.†] Fix #2: INCORRECT:   I was interrogated for hours both in Italian and English. [â€Å"in Italian† is not parallel to â€Å"English.†] CORRECT:   I was interrogated for countless hours in both Italian and English. [â€Å"Italian† is parallel to â€Å"English.†] Fix #3: INCORRECT:   I’ve always been committed to progress both in my knowledge and skills. [See the error?] CORRECT:   I’ve always been committed to progress in both my knowledge and my skills. [â€Å"my knowledge is parallel to â€Å"my skills.†] Fix #4 INCORRECT:   I realized I could use this skill both to help myself and the entire student body. CORRECT:   I realized I could use this skill to help both myself and the entire student body. These errors are often hard to catch in your own writing.   They are extremely common!   I recommend doing a search for the word â€Å"both† in your document. Did you use your correlative conjunctions correctly?   Let us know what you found! Need more writing help?   Contact The Essay Expert for a FREE 15 minute consultation.

Strategic Plan Part I Organizational Structure Essay

Strategic Plan Part I Organizational Structure - Essay Example orate strategy for as long as 20 years into the horizon like what Panasonic did when its founder Konosuke Matsushita was still alive; other firms normally plan a decade ahead. This paper deals with Kaiser Permanente which is the largest health care organization in the United States today. It has 8.6 million health plan members and employs a total of 14,600 doctors and 167,000 employees. This impressive business organization was the response to the Great Depression by industrialist Henry Kaiser and Dr. Sidney R. Garfield. It was founded in 1938 because the United States is the only industrialized nation in the Western world not to have a national health plan or the so-called socialized medicine. The Kaiser Permanente operates on four core principles which are group medical practice, prepaid medical services, the focus of medical services is on prevention and the rendition of the whole set of medical services under one roof. These principles are the forerunners of what we today know as health-maintenance organizations (HMOs) by which a group of health-care providers are contracted to deliver specified pre-paid medical services to a defined group of enrollees or what is known today as health plan members (Boyer, 2001, p. 1). Today, there are close to 700 health maintenance organizations nationwide. Most of them are for-profit organizations although many of them originally started as charitable or tax free organizations designed to provide medical care access on a broad democratic basis to all people who needed them. Because of lack in the US of any socialized or subsidized national health plan, the HMO gained widespread acceptance as logical alternative to fee-for-services arrangements that existed before but which some poor people can no longer afford due to high or escalating costs. The idea of HMO gained further traction because of its emphasis on health maintenance (preventive care) and managed care that seeks to minimize health costs. The two end results of

History of the Sicilian Mafia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

History of the Sicilian Mafia - Essay Example A mafia was a person who would not comply with the rule of the central government, but remained suspicious about it. At the end of 19th century, mafia groups advanced and formed private armies that would force landowners to pay money for the protection. Eventually, this group developed and became bigger to form the current-hostile criminal organization called the Sicilian Mafia (Varese, 2011). The American mafia, formed in 1920, does not have some link to the Sicilian Mafia. However, the Sicilian Mafia and the American Mafia share a system of loyalty and conduct, which guides the behaviour of their members. Mafia-type Organizations Today, the term Mafia, refers to any organized illegal group. The mass media describes the mafia as a worldwide evil that controls all illegal activities (Allum 2007, p. 125). For example, they involve in drug trafficking, sale of radioactive substances and arms dealing. The Sicilian mafia has enjoyed the legacy of the most successful Mafia in the world du e to it long-standing duty in the civilization and its complexity. The strength of the Sicilian mafia emanates from the ability of the group to grow and spread to national, international and transnational levels, and still maintain its novel cores in the Sicilian community. The Sicilian Mafia continued to unite innovation and continuity of its traditional activities (Dickie, 2011). For example, the group continues to extort people, but today they use sophisticated methods that are technology-aided. They also select activities that will yield the group the most economic benefits. After the Second World War, both the American mafia and the Sicilian mafia groups linked in trafficking drugs, but they retained their autonomy. For the past couple of decades, the Sicilian Mafia has extended to numerous regions of the globe, and it covered all continents. This has enabled the group to deal heroin with Turkey, Asiatic clans, Middle East and France (Allum 2007, p. 127). Today the group trades Cocaine in the company of Cartels of Latin-America. Sicilian Mafia utilizes the global channels to launder money to tax havens from Switzerland. Several illegal organizations, which are similar to the Sicilian mafia, are also there in Italy, and the organizations include Camorra and the Sacra Corona Unita among others. There are also other global-historical groups like the Japanese Yakusa the Russian Mafia and the Chinese Trieds, which formed in line with the Sicilian Mafia (Jamieson 2008, p.57). It is not likely to settle on the precise amount of earnings that are obtained from organized crime activities. However, illegal capital is always above 500 billion dollars per annum. Most of this capital is obtained from arms deals, extortion and drug trafficking. Currently the illegal market has grown in complexity due to well articulated illegal deeds, as well as, the increased number of criminal groups (Jamieson 2008, p.59). This implies that no single Mafia Group enjoys the privilege of monopolizing the area of crime profession. There are many factors that facilitate the growth and development of criminal groups in society. However, the most pertinent include capitalism globalization, economy financialization and acquittal of circulation of assets. Further, drugs prohibition in many countries of the world makes the Mafias the only means of trafficking drugs (Jamieson 2008, p